Method and means for preventing scuffing of cylinders and pistons



1932- w. FREDERICK ETAL ,8 89

METHOD ANDMEANS FOR PREVENTING SGUFFING OF CYLINDERS AND PISTONS Filed June 24, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 0 1 Y- NVENTORS fll FREE/WU! IIVWEJMHE'R ATTORNEY.

Aug. 30, 1932. w. A. FREDERICK ET AL 1,874,489

METHOD AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING SGUFFING OF CYLINDERS AND PISTONS Filed June 24. 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 lanai 7E: I ni h/100%? I INVENTOR5 W/QLTEK H FQtEUEE/CK/ fl/VJBE vi MEVE'Z A TTORNEY;

g- 1932- w. A. FREDERiCK ET AL METHOD AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING SGUFFING OF CYLINDERS AND PISTONS Filed June 24. 1927 5 Sheets-Shee 3 A TTORNE Y;

Aug. 30, 1932. w. A. FREDERICK ET AL METHOD AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING SCUFFING OF CYLINDERS AND PISTONS Filed June 24. 1927 5 Sheets-Shee 4 J o ATTORNEY.

I I I H Aug. 30,1932. w. A. FREDERICK ET AL 1,874,439

METHOD AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING SCUFFING OF CYLINDERS AND PISTONS Filed June 24, 1927 5 Sheets-Shee 5 I N VEN TORS WHLTER 19. FREDRICI6 fl/VUREL J. MEYER BY I - ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 30, 1932 euro s S PATENT oF Fics WALTER A. FREDERICK AND ANDRE J. MEYER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIG-NORS TO 1 CONTINENTAL ISIOTOBS CORPORATION, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF VIRGINIA METHOD ANZD'MEANS FOR PREVENTING Application filed June 24,

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and refers more particularly to means for preventing scufiing or scoring of the piston and cylinder walls.-

After an engine has been standing idle the lubricating oil, as commonly supplied will leave the various bearing bushings and cylinders and will return to the source of supply which is ordinarily the crank case. When such an engine is started it takes an appreciable time for the oil to reach the cylinder walls since it is customary to so arrange the engine lubricating system so that the oilwlll first be required to circulate through the crankshaft and other bearings before it reaches the cylinders by splashing from the crankshaft bearings and by reason of a general oil fog or mist produced in the crankcase. It has been found that during this early running of the engine before the oil circulation functions properly the pistons have a tendency to score the cylinders and likewise the pistons themselves become scored. Such scoring is generally referred to as a scuffing of the cylinders and pistons. This scufing action ismore pronounced where aluminum pistons are employed but also exists to disadvantage where the pistons are of cast iron or other metal.

It is an object of our invention to provide a simple and efiicient means for overcoming this scufiing of the cylinders and pistons. It 1S our further object to provide a device which will supply a small quantity of oil to the cylinders and pistons just as soon asthe engine is operated so that these parts will be lubricated before reaches them in the course of operation of the engine. We have further provided means for supplying such auxiliary oil automatically responsive to an operation of the usual starter button or pedal controlling the customary engine starting unit.

With the above and other objects in View our invention resides in the novel combination and arrangement of parts more particularly hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings in. which like reference characters indicate corresponding parts,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of a typical the normal supply of oil SCUFEING 0F CYLINDERS AND PISTONS 1927. Serial No. 201,160.

engine thereto,

Fig. 2 is an end elevation view of the engine illustrating the control valve and associated mechanism for controlling the auxiliary supply of the lubricating oil,

Fig. 8 is a detail view of the engine startlng unit andcontrol therefor,

Fig. 4% is a sectional View along 4-4; of Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along 5-5 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary detail sectional view through 6-6 of Fig. 4.

in the drawing reference character A represents the internal combustion engine which may be of any type, having cylinders 10, pistons 11, crankshaft 12, valveshaft 13, and valves let, the latter for illustration being of the poppet overhead type. In the force feed system of lubrication the oil isordinarily supplied to the main bearings by a pump 15 at the supply of oil in crankcase 15 and thence through conduits 16 one of which is shown leading to the rear end camshaft bearing 17, this bearing being provided with an annular oil groove 18. From this oil groove, the oil may pass downwardly through conduit 19 to the end crankshaft bearing 20. The remaining bearings may be lubricated by connection with the pump or with the various conduits supplied by the pump.

Valve casing 21 is conveniently mounted at the rear end of the engine A. and contains a valve 22 controlling passage of oil from passage 23 communicating with oil groove 18 to a passage 2% communicating with a passage 25 leading generally toward the rear cylinder 10. lChe valve 22 is yieldingly held against its seat by a spring 26 and the valve stem 27 is engaged by an adjustable trip element 28 carried by the lever 29 fulcrumed at 30. ihe other end of lever 29 has a cam face 31 engageable by an actuator 32 rotatable with a rock shaft 33 journaled in bearings 34 The rock shaft 33 is rocked by a pedal or button 3 1 by reason of a link 35 connecting the pedal and shaft. The pedal as is preferably, though not necessarily, that ordinarily provided for energizing the startshowing our invention applied 2 ing unit B which generally comprises an electrio motor 36 energized by a switch 37. Thus the rockshaft 33 carries a lever 38 operating a lever 39, pivoted at 40, by reason of the connecting link 41. As the rockshaft is actuated counter clockwise as seen in Fig. 3 the lever 39 depresses switch 37 to energize the motor 36 and simultaneously the starter gear 42 is moved to the left into engagement with the flywheel gear 43 for starting the engine as will be readily understood. Thus upon depressing the starter pedal 34 the valve 22 is unseated simultaneously with the initial turning over movement of the engine. Springs 26 and 44 serve to restore the pedal 34 and operating parts to their original position.

Where overhead valves are employed it is convenient to supply the valve rocker shaft 44 with oil by connecting conduits 45 and 46, the latter communicating with valve chamber 47 which in turn is open for communicasecured .in position by suitable fasteners 54.

From Fig. 6 it will be noted that the headers are preferably located generally below the passages 48 so that oil in the headers will not drain into the cylinders during ordinary running of the engine.

The operation of the illustrated embodi ment of'our invention is as follows. Assuming the engine to be idle, it being desired to start the engine without producing a scufiing action of the cylinders and pistons, the operator presses the pedal 34 causing the valve 22 to unseat and simultaneously energizing the starting motor 36. The initial turning over of the engine operates the oil pump 15 in the usual manner whereby pressure is immediately established in the oil passages 16, 18, 23 and the chamber 47. The valve 22 being unseated, oilv is forced so as to establish a pressure through passages 24, 25 and headers 49 and 50. Thus a small quantity of oil is passed through cylinder passages 48 and 48 for lubricating the cylinder walls. As soon as the engine starts under its own power the pedal 34 is released and the valve 22 is restored to its seated position preventing further passage of oil from. the pressure line 23 to the cylinder passages 48 and 48 It is not necessary to actually force oil, in starting, from the passage 23 to the various cylinder passages since the oil system between the valve 22 and the cylinder passages will at all times remain filled with oil. Thus in starting it is only necessary and we have so provided means for merely placing a pressure in this oil system beyond the valve 22, a certain amount of oil passing the valve for replacing that supplied to the cylinders during the starting period.

It will furthermore be noted that we have provided a valve controlled oil supply -which is substantially directly connected with the ,oil pump so that immediately upon starting the pump oil pressure will be established beyond the control valve. For convenience the end camshaft bearing is connected in this direct su ply. Upon release of the starting pedal tiie oil system functions normally, no oil being supplied beyond the valve 22," but rather to the valve rockshaft 44, camshaft 13,

crankshaft 12 and other desired parts.

What we claim as our invention is: 1. In an internal combustion engine, means preventing scufiing the cylinders and pistons thereof, by supplying lubricant thereto during initial operation of the engine comprising, an engine starting unit, a pump, means for conducting oil from the pump to a point suitable for lubricating the cylinder walls and pistons, a valve controlling the passage of oil through said oil conducting means, and means for simultaneously energizing the engine starting unit, and unseating the valve.

2.' In an internal combustion engine, a plurality of cylinders and associated pistons, luv bricant conduits for conducting lubricant to the respective cylinders and pistons, valve controlled means for conducting lubricant to said conduits, an engine starter, manually controlled means causing operation of the en-. gme' starter, and means responsive to said manuall controlled means for unseating the valve wii-le the starter is in operation.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a pluralit of cylinders and associated pistons, lubricant conduits for conducting lubricant to the respective cylinders and pistons, valve controlled means for conducting lubricant to said conduits, an engine starter, manually controlled means causing operation of the engine starter, and means responsive to said manually controlled means for unseating the valve while the starter is in operation and for thereafter seating said valve.

4. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, piston, and a bearing, means for .4

supplying lubricant under" ressure to said bearing, valve controlled lu ricant conductlng means connecting the bearing and cylinder for supplying lubricant from the bearing, to the; cylinder and piston, and. means for unseating said valve during the initial operation of the engine. v

5. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and associated pistons, a plurality of valve ta'ppet guide members, lubricant conducting headers formed in the valve tappet guide members and associated with groups of the cylinders, a conduit connecting said headers, conduits branched from said headers for supplying lubricant therefrom to the respective cylinders and pistons, means for supplying ubricant under pressure to said headers, a valve controlling said supply of lubricant to the headers, and means for unseating said valve during the initial operation of the engine to initially lubricate the cylinders and pistons,

for preventing scufiing thereof.

6. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and associated pistons, lubricant conducting headers associated with groups of the cylinders, a conduit connecting said headers, conduits branched from said headers for supplying lubricant therefrom to the respective cylinders and pistons, means for supplying lubricant under pressure to said headers, a valve controlling said supply of lubricant to the headers, an engine starter, and manually controlled means for simultaneously unseating the valve and energizing the starter.

7. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and associated pistons, lubricant conducting head rs associated with groups of the cylinders, a conduit connecting said headers, conduits branched from said headers for supplying lubricant therefrom to the respective cylinders and pistons, means for supplying lubricant under pressure to said headers, a valve controlling said supply of lubricant to the headers, an engine starter, manually controlled means for simultaneously unseating the valve and energizing the starter, and for simultaneously seating the valve and deenergizing the starter.

8. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder and associated piston, a pump, lubricant conducting means for supplying lubricant under pressure substantially directly from the pump to the cylinder and piston, a valve for controlling said lubricant supply, an engine starter, and manually controlled means for simultaneously unseating the valve and energizing the starter.

9. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block provided with a cylinder and associated piston, a valve tappet guide member positioned against the side of the cylinder block, said valve tappet guide member formed with a lubricant conducting passage, means supplying lubricant to said passage, and a cylinder block conduit communieating with the said passage and opening into said cylinder.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and associated piston, a lubricant pump, means conducting lubricant from the pump to the wall of the cylinder, a valve controlling said means, an engine starter, a

shaft at a point spaced longitudinally thereof from the said element connecting means, and starter actuating means engaging the rock shaft at a point spaced longitudinally thereof from the said valve unseating means.

, 11. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinderbloclt provided with a cylin der and associated piston, a source oflubricant under pressure, a cylinder block conduit for supplying lubricant to the cylinder wall, lubricant conducting meanswithin the cylinder block intermediate the lubricant source and the cylinder block conduit, a valve controlling the passage of lubricant through said cylinder block conducting means, and means actuating said valve during the initial operation of the engine.

12. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block provided with a. cylinder and associated piston, rear crankshaft and camshaft bearings, a pump supplying lubricant to said bearings, a valve casing at the engine rear above said camshaft bearing and having a passage receiving lubricant from the camshaft bearing, a valve in said casing, a cylinder block passageway conducting lubricant from said valve casing to the wall ofcsaid cylinder, and means actuating said valve during the initial-operation of the engine.

13. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block provided with a cylinder and associated piston, rear crankshaft and camshaft bearings, a pump supplying lubricant to said bearings, a valve casing at the enginer rear above said camshaft bearing and having a passage receiving lubricant from the camshaft bearing, a valve in said casing, a cylinder block passageway conducting lubricant from said valve casing to the wall of said cylinder, a rockshaft mounted above the valve casing, an electric starter for the engine, and means responsive to a rocking movement of said rockshaft for simultaneously energizing the starter and unseating the valve.

14:. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder and associated piston, flywheel and electric starter, a lubricant pump, lubricant conducting means from said pump to the wall of said cylinder, a valve for said lubricant conducting means, and means for simultaneously unseati'ng the valve to supply lubricant to the cylinder wall and energizing the electric starter to rotate the flywheel.

15. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block provided with a cylinder and associated piston, said cylinder block having an oil conducting passage opening inwardly to the cylinder, an oil supply header, means supplying oil to said header, said.

header communicating with the cylinder block assage for supplying oil thereto but located generally below the cylinder block passage so that oil in the header will not unduly drain intothe cylinder. 7

16. In an internal combustion engine, an engine starter adapted to turn the engine over, manually operable means controlling the operation of the starter, a cylinder and associated piston, and means responsive to the first said means for supplying lubricantto the cylinder and piston when the engine is turned over. 7 i

17 In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder and associated piston, an engine starter for turning the engine over, means adapted formanual actuation controlling the operation of the starter, means responsive to manual actuation of the first said means for supplying lubricant to the cylinder and piston when the engine is turned over and for thereafter cutting off said lubricant supply.

18. In an internal combustion engine, an engine starter adapted to turn the engine over, manually operable means controlling th operation of the starter, a cylinderand associated piston, and means actuated in conjunction with said manually operable starter operating means for supplying lubricant to the cylinder.

In witness whereofi-we hereunto subscribe our names this 21st day of June, A. D. 1927. WALTER A. FREDERICK.

ANDRE J. MEYER. 

